/*  C++ unsafe type casting */
using namespace std;
#include<iostream>

class A
{
private:
  int x;
public:
  A() { x = 2; }
  int getx() { return x; } 
};


class B
{
private:
  double y;
  int x;
public:
  B() { x = 4; y = 3.5; }
  double gety() { return y; } 
};

int main()
{
  B *b = new B();
  A *a = (A*)b;  // casting allowed despite no inheritance relationship
  cout << a->getx() << endl; 

  // another problem:

  A *a2 = new A();
  B *b2 = (B*) a2;  // allowed in C++ !!!
  cout << b2->gety() << endl;    // prints something unpredictable

  // Yikes!  how did an A object suddenly become a B object?  The
  // B object contains info (double y) that's not in the A object.
  // Where did get that information from?  Thin air?  Actually,
  // it gets it from whatever is "supposed" to be in the right memory
  // location, which may belong to an entirely different program.
  // In fact (no joke), viruses have been introduced this way. 

  return 0;
}