#include<iostream>
#include<memory>
using namespace std;

// Overloading versus Overriding in C++

struct A {
  virtual int f() { return 1; } // note "virtual"
};

struct B : public A {
  int f() override { return 2; } // note "override"
};

int g(A* x) { return 10; }
int g(B* x) { return 20; }

int main() {
  A* n = new B();
  cout << n->f() << endl; // prints 2 (overloading = dynamic dispatch)
  cout << g(n) << endl;   // prints 10 (overriding = resolved statically).
}

/*  In C++, to have the default behavior of Java we must 

   1. use public inheritance to establish "is a" relationship between B and A
   2. use dynamic memory allocation (as opposed to stack allocation) because
      the compiler doesn't know exact type and size of object to be created.

   Only classes that contain/override virtual methods will have dynamic type
   information attached to objects at runtime.
*/